If the skies are clear tonight, consider stepping outside to witness a potential display of the northern lights on Monday night, as suggested by the U.S. Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC). A powerful X 1.9 flare from the sun, coupled with a coronal mass ejection (CME), has been released. X flares represent the highest intensity on the solar flare scale.
This particular flare was noteworthy for its prolonged duration, lasting several hours, enhancing its potency beyond a typical flare of similar magnitude. CMEs are solar explosions emitting fast-traveling particles that, upon reaching Earth’s magnetic field, can produce the mesmerizing northern lights, also known as aurora borealis (or aurora australis in the southern hemisphere).
Fortuitously, Earth finds itself in the trajectory of this CME, promising a spectacle for northern lights enthusiasts. The SWPC has indicated that the CME is expected to reach Earth between late January 19 and early January 20.
Geomagnetic storms disrupt Earth’s magnetosphere and are classified on a scale ranging from G1 (minor) to G5 (extreme). The SWPC has forecasted a severe G4 storm, anticipating significant impacts. Previous G5 storms in May 2024 and October 2024 generated stunning light displays even as far south as the Caribbean.
Typically, aurora borealis sightings are common in northern regions, but under specific conditions, they can be visible further south. Key factors include the southern dip of the auroral hole through which CME particles travel and the darkness of the environment during the storm.
While this time of year may not be optimal for viewing due to increased cloud cover, individuals keen on witnessing the spectacle should seek out dark, cloud-free locations. Given the severity of the forecast, facing north may not be necessary, although it could aid visibility if the storm intensity is moderate.
For those interested in tracking the visibility of the aurora borealis in their area, useful apps like Aurora Alerts and Aurora Forecast are recommended.
